PUBLICATIONS

    1. “A Humanized Mouse Model Coupled with Computational Analysis Identifies Potent Glycolipid Agonist of Invariant NKT Cells,” Saavedra-Avila, N. A.; Pigni, N. B.; Caldwell, D. R.; Chena-Becerra, F.; Intano, J. J.; Ng, T. W.; Chennamadhavuni, D.; Porcelli, S. A.; Gascón, J. A.; Howell, A. R. ACS Chem. Biol. 2024. Paper
    2. “Lysosomal Processing of Sulfatides Analogues Alters Target NKT Cell Specificity and Immune Responses in Cancer,” Nishio, K.; Pasquet, L.; Camara, K.; DiSapio, J.; Kato, S.; Hsu, K. S.; Bloom, A.; Richardson, S. K.; Welsh, J. A.; Jiang, T.; Jones, J. C.; Cardell, S.; Watarai, H.; Terabe, M.; Olkhanud, P. B.; Howell, A. R.; Berzofsky, J. A. J. Clin. Invest. 2023. Paper
    3. “1,6-Dioxo-2-azasprio[3.4]oct-2-enes and Related Spirocycles: Heterocycles from [3+2] Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions with 2-Methyleneoxetanes, -Thietanes, and -Azetidines,” Intano, J. J.; Riel, L. P.; Lim, J.; Robinson, J. R.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 24, 16854–16863. Paper
    4. “A Humanized Mouse Model for In Vivo Evaluation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Responses,” Saavedra-Avila, N. A.; Dellabona, P.; Veerapen, N.; Besra, G.; Howell, A. R.; Porcelli, S. A. Front. Immunol. 2022, 1011209, 1-19. Paper
    5. “Impact of Hole Scavengers on Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene Using Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots,” Mureithi, A. W.; Sun, Y.; Mani, T.; Howell, A. R.; Zhao, J. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 3. 2022, 100889, 1-14. Paper

      1. “Chemical Proteomic Analysis of Palmostatin β-lactone Analogs that Affect N-Ras Palmitoylation,” Suciu, R. M.; Luvaga, I. K.; Hazeen, A.; Weerasooriya, C.; Richardson, S. K.; Firestone, A. J.; Shannon, K.; Howell, A. R.; Cravatt, B. F. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2021, 128414, 1-6. Paper
      2. “Unusual Transformations of Strain-Heightened Oxetanes,” An, J.; Riel, L. P.; Howell, A. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2021, 20, 3850-3862. Paper
      3. “Easily Accessible Non-aromatic Heterocycles With Handles: 4-Bromo-2,3-dihydrofurans From 1,2-Dibromohomoallylic Alcohols,” An, J.; Intano, J. J.; Richard, A.; Kim, T.; Gascon, J. A.; Howell, A. R. Chem. Sci. 2021, 12, 10347-10353. Paper
      4. “ABHD17 Regulation of Plasma Membrane Palmitoylation and N-Ras-dependent Cancer Growth,” Remsberg, J. R.; Suciu, R. M.; Zambetti, N. A.; Hanigan, T. W.; Firestone, A. J.; Inguva, A.; Long, A.; Ngo, N.; Lum, K. M.; Henry, C. L.; Richardson, S. K.; Predovic, M.; Huang, B.; Dix, M. M.; Howell, A. R. Niphakis, M. J.; Shannon, K.; Cravatt, B. F. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2021, 17, 856-864. Paper
      5. “Amide-Linked C4″-Saccharide Modification of KRN7000 Provides Potent Stimulation of Human Invariant NKT Cells and Anti-Tumor Immunity in a Humanized Mouse Model,” Saavedra-Avila, N. A.; Keshipeddy, S.; Guberman-Pfeffer, M. J.; Pérez-Gallegos, A.; Saini, N. K.; Schäfer, C.; Carreño, L. J.; Gascón, J. A.; Porcelli, S. A.; Howell, A. R.  ACS Chem. Biol. 2020, 15, 3176-3186. Paper
      6. “Immunomodulatory Sphingosine-1-Phosphates as Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment,” Chua X. Y.; Chai, Y. L.; Chew, W. S.; Chong, J. R.; Ang, H. L.; Xiang, P.; Camara, K.; Howell, A. R.; Torta, F.; Wenk, M. R.; Hilal, S.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Chen, C. P.; Herr, D. R.; Lai, M. K. P. Alzheimer’s Res. Ther. 2020, 12, 122. Paper
      7. “α-Methylene-β-Lactone Scaffold for Developing Chemical Probes at the Two Ends of the Selectivity Spectrum,” Wang, L.; Riel, L. P.; Bajrami, B.; Deng, B.; Howell, A. R.; Yao, X. ChemBioChem 2020, 21, 1-12. Paper
      8. “A Single-Domain Bispecific Antibody Targeting CD1d and the NKT T-cell Receptor Induces a Potent Antitumor Response,” Lameris, R; Shahine, A; Pellicci, D. G.; Uldrich, A. P.; Gras, S.; Le Nours, J.; Groen, R. W. J.; Vree, J.; Reddiex, S. J. J.; Quiñones-Parra, S. M.; Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R.; Zweegman, S.; Godfrey, D. I. De Gruijl, T. D., Rossjohn, J.; Van der Vliet, H. J. Nat. Cancer. 2020, 1, 1054-1065. Paper
      9. “Mrp1 is Involved in Lipid Presentation and iNKT Cell Activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae,” Shilpi Chandra, James Gray, William B. Kiosses, Archana Khurana, Kaori Hitomi, Catherine M. Crosby, Ashu Chawla, Zheng Fu, Meng Zhao, Natacha Veerapen, Stewart K. Richardson, Steven A. Porcelli, Gurdyal Besra, Amy R. Howell, Sonia Sharma, Bjoern Peters & Mitchell Kronenberg. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 4279. Paper
      10. “Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Amides to Imides by Manganese Oxides,” Biswas, S.; Khanna, H. S.; Nizami, Q. A.; Caldwell, D. R.; Cavanaugh, K. T. Howell, A. R.; Raman, S.; Suib, S. L.; Nandi, P. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 13649. Paper
      11. “Modular Dihydrobenzoazaphosphole Ligands for Suzuki-​Miyaura Cross-​Coupling,” Zhang, Y.; Lao, K. S.; Sieber, J. D.; Xu, Y.; Wu, L.; Wang, X. -J.; Desrosiers, J. -N.; Lee, H.; Haddad, N.; Han, Z. S.; Yee, N. K.; Song, J. J.; Howell, A. R.; Senanayake, C. H. Synth. 2018, 50, 4429-4434. Paper 
      12. “Dual Modifications of α-Galactosylceramide Synergize to Promote Activation of Human Invariant Natural Killer T Cells and Stimulate Anti-tumor Immunity,” Chennamadhavuni, D.; Saavedra-Avila, N. A.; Carreno, L. J.; Guberman-Pfeffer, M. J.; Arora, P.; Yongqing, T.; Koay, H. -F.; Godfrey, D. I.; Keshipeddy, S.; Richardson, S. K.; Sundararaj, S.; Lo, J. H.; Wen, X.; Gascon, J. A.; Yuan, W.; Rossjohn, J.; Le Nours, J.; Porcelli, S. A.; Howell, A. R. Cell Chem. Biol. 2018, 25, 571-584. Paper  
      13. “Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of N-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines (sp3 C-H) with Indoles (sp2 C-H) Using Heterogeneous Mesoporous Manganese Oxide Catalyst” Dutta, B.; Sharma, V.; Sassu, N.; Dang, Y.; Weerakkody, C.; Macharia, J.; Miao, R.; Howell, A. R.; Suib, S. L. Green Chem. 2017, 19, 5350. Paper 
      14. “Rh-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Aryl and Alkenyl Boronic Acids to α-Methylene-β-lactones: Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-3,4 Disubstituted β-Lactones,” Malapit, C. A.; Luvaga, I. K.; Caldwell, D. R.; Schipper, N. K.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 2017, 19, 4460. Paper 

      15. “Scaling Proteome-Wide Reactions of Activity-Based Probes,” Li, S.; Diego-Limpin, P. A.; Bajrami, B.; Keshipeddy, S.; Lam, Y.-W.; Deng, B.; Farrokhi, V.; McShane, A. J.; Nemati, R.; Howell, A. R.; Yao, X. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 6295. Paper. 
      16. “Contact Sensitizers Trigger Human CD1-autoreactive T-cell Responses,” Betts, R. J.; Perkovic, A.; Mahapatra, S.; Del Bufalo, A.; Camara, K.; Howell, A. R.; Teissier, S. M.; De Libero, G.; Mori, L. Eur. J. Immunol. 2017, 47, 1171. Paper.
      17. “Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to 2,2-Disubstituted Malononitriles,” Malapit, C. A.; Caldwell, D. R.; Luvaga, I. K.; Reeves, J. T.; Volchkov, I.; Gonella, N. C.; Han, Z. S.; Bussaca, C. A.; Howell, A. R.; Senanayake, C. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 6999. Paper.
      18. “1,4-Dicarbofunctionalization of 4-Fluoroaryl Grignard and Lithium Reagents with Disubstituted Malononitriles,” Malapit, C. A.; Luvaga, I. K.; Reeves, J. T.; Volchkov, I.; Bussaca, C. A.; Howell, A. R.; Senanayake, C. H. J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 4993. Paper 
      19. “Pd-Catalyzed Acyl C–O Bond Activation for Selective Ring-Opening of α-Methylene-β-lactones with Amines,” Malapit, C. A.; Caldwell, D. R.; Sassu, N.; Milbin, S.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 2017, 19, 1966. Paper. 
      20. “Atypical Natural Killer T-cell Receptor Recognition of CD1d-lipid Antigens,” Le Nours, J.; Praveena, T.; Pellici, D.; Gherardin, N.; Ross, F.; Lim, R.; Besra, G.; Keshipeddy, S.; Richardson, S.; Howell, A.; Gras, S.; Godfrey, D.; Rossjohn, J.; Uldrich, A. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10570. Paper            ncomms10570-f6
      21. “Rhodium-Catalyzed Transnitrilation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Dimethylmalononitrile,” Malapit, C. A.; Reeves, J. T.; Busacca, C. A.; Howell, A. R.; Senanayake, C. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 326-330. Paper Slide1
      22. “Selective Conditions are Required for the Induction of Invariant NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness by Antigenic Stimulation,” Wingender, G.; Birkholz, A. M.; Sag, D.; Farber, E.; Chitale, S.; Howell, A. R.; Kronenberg, M. J. Immunol. 2015, 195, 3838–3848. Paper
      23. “Recent Applications of Oxetanes in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds,” Malapit, C. A.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 8489–8495. JOCSynopsis 07
      24. “Lipid and Carbohydrate Modifications of α-Galactosylceramide Differently Influence Mouse and Human Type I Natural Killer T Cell Activation,” Birkholz, A.; Nemcovic, M.; Yu, E. D.; Girardi, E.; Wang, J.; Khurana, A.; Pauwels, N.; Farber, E.; Chitale, S.; Franck, R. W.; Tsuji, M.; Howell, A.; Calenbergh, S. V.; Kronenberg, M.; Zajonc, D. M. J. Biol. Chem. 2015, 290, 17206-17217. Paper
      25. “The Alpha and Omega of Galactosylceramides in T Cell Immune Function,” Birkholz, A. M.; Howell, A. R.; Kronenberg, M. J. Biol. Chem. 2015, 290, 15365-15370. Minireview
      26. “Nickel or Cobalt Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Arylsulfonic Acid Salts with Grignard Reagents,” Malapit, C. A.; Visco, M. D.; Reeves, J. T.; Busacca, C. A; Howell, A. R.; Senanayake, C. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2015, 357, 2199-2204. (Special issue dedicated to Prof. Stephan Buchwald on the occasion of his 60th birthday). Paper05
      27. “Pt-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Oxaspirohexanes to 3-Methylenetetrahydrofurans: Scope and Mechanism,” Malapit, C. A.; Chitale, S. M.; Thakur, M. S.; Taboada, R.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 5196–5209. Paper                                                                                                                                                                                           06
      28. “A Solvent-free Approach to Glycosyl Amides: Toward the Synthesis of α-N-galactosyl Ceramides,” Chennamadhavuni, D.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2015, 56, 3583-3586. Paper 04
      29. “Immunomodulatory Lysophosphatidylserines are Regulated by ABHD16A and ABHD12 Interplay,” Kamat, S. S.; Camara, K.; Parsons, W. H.; Chen, D.-H.; Dix, M. M.; Bird, T. D.; Howell, A. R.; Cravatt, B. F. Nature Chem. Biol. 2015, 11, 164-171. Paper 03
      30. “Combining Cross-metathesis and Acivity-based Profiling: New β-Lactone Motifs for Targeting Serine Hydrolases,” Camara, K.; Lasota, C. C.; Kamat, S. S.; Cravatt, B. F.; Howell, A. R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2015, 25, 317-321. Paper 04a
      31. “The Molecular Bases of γ/αβ T Cell-mediated Antigen Recognition,” Pellicci, D. G.; Uldrich, A. P; Le Nours , J.; Ross, F.; Chabrol, E.; Eckle, S. B. G.; de Boer, R.; Lim, R. T.; McPherson, K.; Besra, G.; Howell, A. R.; Moretta, L.; McCluskey, J.; Heemskerk, M. H. M.; Gras, S.; Rossjohn, J.; Godfrey, D. I. J. Exp. Med. 2014, 211, 2599-2615. Paper
      32. “Synthesis of 2”-Deoxy-β-GalCer,” Thakur, M. S.; Khurana, A.; Kronenberg, M.; Howell, A. R. Molecules 2014, 19, 10090-10102.
      33. “OMS-2 for Aerobic, Catalytic, One-pot Alcohol Oxidation-Wittig Reactions: Efficient Access to α,β-Unsaturated Esters,” Kona, J. R.; King’ondu, C. K.; Howell, A. R.; Suib, S. L. ChemCatChem 2014, 6, 749-752. Paper01c
      34. “Silicon Acceleration of a Tandem Alkene Isomerization/Electrocyclic Ring-opening of 2-Methyleneoxetanes to α,β-Unsaturated Methylketones,” Farber, E.; Rudnitskaya, A.; Keshipeddy, S.; Lao, K.; Gascón, J.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 11213-11220. Paper01a
      35. “Cloning and Characterization of a Hybridoma Secreting a 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-specific Monoclonal Antibody and Recombinant F(ab),” Wanczyk, H.; Barker, T.; Rood, D.; Zapata, D.; Howell, A. R.; Richardson, S. K.; Zinckgraf, J.; Marusov, G. P.; Lynes, M.; Silbart, L. Toxins 2013, 5, 568-589. Paper
      36. “Human and Mouse Type I Natural Killer T Cell Antigen Receptors Exhibit Different Fine Specificities for CD1d-Antigen Complex,” Wun, K. S.; Ross, F.; Patel, O.; Besra, G. S.; Porcelli, S. A.; Richardson, S. K.; Keshipeddy, S.; Howell, A. R.; Godfrey, D. I.; Rossjohn, J., J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287, 39139-39148. Paper
      37. “Towards a Formal Synthesis of Laureatin: Unexpected Rearrangements Involving Cyclic Ether Nucleophiles,” Keshipeddy, S. K.; Martinez, I.; Castillo, B. F., II; Morton, M. D.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem.  2012, 77, 7883-7890. Paper 01b
      38. “Novel Glycolipids that Elicit IFN-γ Responses from Natural Killer T Cells,” Tyznik, A. J.; Farber, E.; Girardi, E.; Birkholz, A.; Li, Y.; Chitale, S.; So, R.; Arora, P.; Khurana, A.; Wang, J.; Porcelli, S. A.; Zajonc, D. M.; Kronenberg, M.; Howell, A. R. Chemistry & Biology 2011, 18, 1620-1630. PaperGraphical Abstract
      39. “Access to Oxetane-containing psico-Nucleosides from 2-Methyleneoxetanes: A Role for Neighboring Group Participation?” Liang, Y.; Hnatiuk, N.; Rowley, J. M.; Whiting, B. T.; Coates, G. W.; Rablen, P. R.; Morton, M.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 9962-9974. Paper B1
      40. “Vβ2 Natural Killer T Cell Antigen Receptor-mediated Recognition of CD1d-Glycolipid Antigen,” Patel, Ol; Pellicci, D. G.; Uldrich, A. P.; Sullivan, L. C.; Bhati, M.; McKnight, M.; Richardson, S. K. Howell, A. R.; Mallevaey, T.; Zhang, J.; Bedel, R.; Besra, G.; Brooks, A. G.; Kjer-Nielsen, L.; McCluskey, J.; Porcelli, S. A.; Gapin, L.; Rossjohn, J. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 2011, 108, 19007-19012. Paper
      41. “A Rapid Fluorescence-based Assay for Classification of iNKT Cell Activating Glycolipids,” Arora, P.; Venkataswamy, M. M.; Baena, A.; Bricard, G.; Li, Q.; Veerapen, N.; Ndonye, R.; Park, J. -J.; Lee, J. H.; Seo, K. -C.; Howell, A. R.; Chang, Y. -T.; Illarionov, P. A.; Besra, G. S.; Chung, S. -K.; Porcelli, S. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5198-5201. Paper A1
      42. “A Molecular Basis for the Exquisite CD1d-restricted Antigen-specificity and Functional Responses of Natural Killer T Cells,” Wun, K. S.; Cameron, G.; Patel, O.; Pang, S. S.; Pellicci, D. G.; Sullivan, L. C.; Keshipeddy, S.; Young, M. H.; Uldrich, A. P.; Thakur, M. S.; Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R.; Illarionov, P. A.; Brooks, A. G.; Besra, G. S.; McCluskey, J.; Gapin, L.; Porcelli, S. A.; Godfrey, D. I.; Rossjohn, J. Immunity 2011, 34, 327-339.
      43. “Mouse and Human iNKT Cell Agonist Beta-Mannosylceramide Reveals a Distinct Mechanism of Tumor Immunity,” O’Konek, J. J.; Illarionov, P.; Khursigara, D. S.; Ambrosino, E.; Izhak, L.; Castillo, B. F. II; Raju, R.; Khalili, M.; Kim, H. -Y.; Howell, A. R.; Besra, G. S.; Porcelli, S. A.; Berzofsky, J. A.; Terabe, M. J. Clin. Invest. 2011, 121, 683-694. Paper
      44. “Alpha-Galactosylceramide Analogs with Weak Agonist Activity for Human iNKT Cells Define New Candidate Anti-inflammatory Agents ,” Bricard, G.; Venkataswamy, M. M.; Yu, K. O. A.; Im, J. S.; Ndonye, R. M.; Howell, A. R.; Veerapen, N.; Iliarionov, P. A.; Besra, G. S.; Li, Q.; Chang, Y.-T.; Porcelli, S. A. PLoS one 2010, 5, e14374.
      45. “Unexpected Cleavage of 2-Azido-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxetanes: Conformation Determines Reaction Pathway?” Farber, E.; Herget, J.; Gascon, J.; Howell, A. R.; J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 7565-7572. Paper B2
      46. “A CD1d-Dependent Antagonist Inhibits the Activation of Invariant NKT Cells and Prevents Development of Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity,” Lombardi, V.; Stock, P.; Singh, A.; Kerzerho, J.; Yang, W.; Sullivan B. A.; Li, X.; Shiratsuchi, T.; Hnatiuk, N.; Howell, A. R.; Yu, K. O. A.; Porcelli, S. A.; Tsuji, M.; Kronenberg, M.; Wilson, B.; Akbari, O.; J. Immunol. 2010, 184, 2107-2115.
      47. “Design and Synthesis of an Activity-Based Probe Template for Protein Kinases,” Keshipeddy, S.; Shi, Y.; Hnatiuk, N.; Morton, M.; Yao, X.; Howell, A. R.; Synlett 2010, 7, 1142-1144.
      48. “Adaptability of the Semi-Invariant Natural Killer T-cell Receptor Towards Structurally Diverse CD1d-Restricted Ligands” Joyce, S.; Florence, W. C.; Xia, C.; Gordy, L. E.; Chen, W.; Zhang, Y.; Scott-Browne, J.; Kinjo, Y.; Yu, K. O. A.; Keshipeddy, S.; Pellicci, D. G.; Patel, O.; Kjer-Nielsen, L.; McCluskey, J.; Godfrey, D. I.; Rossjohn, J.; Richardson, S. K.; Porcelli, S. A.; Howell, A. R.; Hayakawa, K.; Gapin, L.; Zajonc, D. M. EMBO J. 2009, 28, 3579-3590.
      49. “Recognition of Lyso-phospholipids by Human Natural Killer T Lymphocytes,” Fox, L. M.; Cox, D. G.; Lockridge, J. L.; Wang, X.; Chen, X.; Scharf, L.; Trott, D.; Veerapen, N.; Ndonye, R. M.; Besra, G. S.; Howell, A. R.; Cook, M. E.; Adams, E. J.; Hildebrand, W. H.; Gumperz. J. E. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7, e1000228.
      50. “T Cell Receptor CDR2b and CDR3b Loops Collaborate Functionally to Shape the iNKT Cell Repertoire,” Mallevaey, T.; Scott-Browne, J. P.; Matsuda, J. L.; Young, M. H.; Pellicci, D. G.; Patel, O.; Thakur, M.; Kjer-Nielsen, L.; Richardson, S. K.; Cerundolo, V.; Howell, A. R.; McCluskey, J.; Godfrey, D. I.; Rossjohn, J.; Marrack, P.; Gapin, L. Immunity 2009, 31, 60-71.
      51. “Synthesis and Evaluation of 3”- and 4”-Deoxy and -Fluoro Analogs of the Immunostimulatory Glycolipid, KRN7000,” Raju, R.; Castillo, B. F.; Richardson, S. K.; Thakur, M.; Severins, R.; Kronenberg, M.; Howell, A. R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2009, 19, 4122–4125.
      52. “Kinetics and Cellular Site of Glycolipid Loading Control the Outcome of Natural Killer T cell Activation,” Im, J. S.; Arora, P.; Bricard, G.; Molano, A.; Venkataswamy, M. M.; Baine, I.; Jerud, E. S.; Goldberg, M. F.; Baena, A.; Yu, K. O. A.; Ndonye, R. M.; Howell, A. R.; Yuan, W.; Cresswell, P.; Chang, Y. -T.; Illarionov, P. A.; Besra, G. S.; Porcelli, S. A. Immunity 2009, 30, 888-898.
      53. “Synthesis and Evaluation of an Acyl-chain Unsaturated Analog of the Th2 Biasing, Immunostimulatory Glycolipid, OCH,” Velmourougane, G.; Raju, R.; Bricard, G.; Im, J. S.; Besra, G. S.; Porcelli, S. A.; Howell, A. R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2009, 19, 3386-3388.
      54. “Cross Metathesis of alpha-Methylene-beta-lactams: The First Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by CM,” Liang, Y.; Raju, R.; Taylor, C. D.; Le, T.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1020-1022.
      55. “Natural Killer T cell Autoreactivity Leads to a Specialized Activation State,”Wang, X.;Chen, X.; Rodenkirch, L.; Simonson, W.; Wernimont, S.; Ndonye, R. M.; Veerapen, N.; Gibson, D.; Howell, A. R.; Besra, G. S.; Painter, G. F.;Huttenlocher, A.; Gumprez, J. E. Blood, 2008, 112, 4128-4138.
      56. “Regulatory Roles for NKT Cell Ligands in Environmentally Induced Autoimmunity,” Vas, J.; Mattner, J.; Richardson, S. K.; Ndonye, R; Gaughan, J. P.; Howell, A. R.; Monestier, M. J. Immunol. 2008, 181, 6779-6788
      57. “Natural Sphingomonas Glycolipids Vary Greatly in Their Ability to Activate Natural Killer T Cells” Kinjo, Y.; Pei, B.; Bufali, S.; Raju, R.; Richardson, S. K.; Imamura, M.; Fujio, M.; Wu, D.; Khurana, A.; Kawahara, K.; Wong, C.; Howell, A. R.; Seeberger, P. H.; Kronenberg, M. Chemistry & Biology, 2008, 15, 654-664
      58. “A minimal binding footprint on CD1d-glycolipid is a basis for selection of the unique human NKT TCR,” Wun, K. S.; Borg, N. A.; Kjer-Nielsen, L.; Beddoe, T.; Koh, R.; Richardson, S. K.; Thakur, M.; Howell, A. R.; Scott-Browne, J. P.; Gapin, L.; Godfrey, D. I.; McCluskey, J.; Rossjohn, J. J. Exp. Med. 2008, 205, 939-949
      59. “Alpha-S-GalCer: Synthesis and Evaluation for iNKT Cell Stimulation,” Blauvelt, M.; Khalili, M.; Jaung, W.; Wilson, S. B.; Paulsen, J.; Anderson, A. C.; Howell, A. R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2008, 18, 6374-6376
      60. “Synthesis of epi-Oxetin via a Serine Derived 2-Methyleneoxetane,” Blauvelt, M.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 517-521
      61. “3-Silyloxytetrahydrofurans via Sulfoxonium Ylide Reactions with alpha- Silyloxyepoxides,” Sabila, P. S.; Liang, Y.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 8356-8359
      62. “2-Alkylidene Oxetanes by Stereospecific Elimination of Mesylates,” Sabila, P. S.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 8353-8355
      63. “Synthesis and Reactions of 2-Alkylidene Thiiranes and Thietanes,” Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R. Synthesis, 2007, 2755-2778.
      64. “Rapid Identification of Immunostimulatory alpha- Galactosylceramides Using Synthetic Combinatorial Libraries,” Li, Q., Ndonye, R. M.; Illarianov, P. A.; Yu, K. O. A.; Jerud, E. S.; Porcelli, S. A.; Besra, G. S.; Chang, Y.-T.; Howell, A. R. J. Combi. Chem. 2007, 9, 1084-1093
      65. “Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against complexes of the NKT cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide bound to mouse CD1d,” Yu, K. O. A.; Im, J. S.; Illarionov, P. A.; Ndonye, R. M.; Howell, A. R.; Besra, G. S.; Porcelli, S. A. J. Immunological Meth. 2007, 323, 11-23.
      66. “Cross Metathesis of alpha- Methylene Lactones II: gamma and delta- Lactones,” Raju, R.; Allen, L. J.; Le, T.; Taylor, C. D.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 1699-1701.
      67. “Improved Outcomes in NOD Mice Treated with a Novel Th2 Cytokine Biasing NKT Cell Activator,” Forestier, C.; Takaki, T.; Molano, A.; Im, J. S.; Blaine, I.; Jerud, E. S.; Illarionov, P.; Ndonye, R.; Howell, A. R.; Santamaria, P.; Besra, G.; DiLorenzo, T. P.; Porcelli, S. A. J. Immun. 2007, 178, 1415-1425.
      68. “Cross Metathesis with Strained Exocyclic Enones: 3-Alkylideneoxetane-2-ones from 3-Methyleneoxetan-2-ones,” Raju, R.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2139-2141.
      69. “T-bet Concomitantly Controls Migration, Survival and Effector Functions During the Development of Va14i NKT Cells,” Matsuda, J. L.; Zhang, Q.; Ndonye, R.; Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R.; Gapin, L. Blood 2006, 107, 2797-2805.
      70. “Synthesis and Properties of psico-Nucleosides,” Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R.; Taboada, R. Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 2006, 38, 101-176.
      71. “Synthesis and Evaluation of Sphinganine Analogues of KRN7000 and OCH,” Ndonye, R. M.; Izmirian, D. P.; Dunn, M. F.; Yu, K. O. A.; Porcelli, S. A.; Khurana, A.; Kronenberg, M.; Richardson, S. K.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 10260-10270.
      72. “Multiphoton Excited Fabrication of Collagen Matrices Crosslinked by a Modified Benzophenone Dimer: Bioactivity and Enzymatic Degradation,” Basu, S.; Cunningham, L. P.; Pins, G. D.; Bush, K. A.; Taboada, R.; Howell, A. R.; Wang, J.; Campagnola, P. J. Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6, 1465-1474.
      73. “Approaches to the preparation of sphinganines.” Howell, A. R.; So, R. C.; Richardson, S. K. Tetrahedron, 2004, 60, 11327-11347.
      74. “Straightforward Synthesis of Sphinganines via a Serine-derived Weinreb Amide.” So, R. C.; Ndonye, R.; Izmirian, D. P.; Richardson, S. K.; Guerrera, R. L.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 3233-3235.
      75. “Unusual, Strained Heterocyles: 3-Alkylidene-2-methyleneoxetanes from Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type Adducts,” Martínez, I; Andrews, A. E.; Emch, J. D.; Ndakala, A. J.;Wang, J.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 399-402.
      76. “Directed Ring-opening of 1,5-Dioxaspiro[3.2]hexanes: Selective Formation of 2,2-Disubstituted Oxetanes,” Taboada, R.; Ordonio, G. G.; Ndakala, A. J.; Howell, A. R.; Rablen, P. R. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 1480-1488.
      77. “The Role of Lattice Oxygen in Selective Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation Using OMS-2 Catalyst: A Kinetic and Isotope-Labeling Study, ” Makwana, V. D.; Son, Y.-C.; Howell, A. R.; Suib, S. L. Journal of Catalysis 2002, 210, 46-52.
      78. “New Photoactivators for Multi-photon Excited 3 Dimensional Sub-micron Crosslinking of Proteins: Bovine Serum Albumin and Type 1 Collagen,” Pitts, J. D. Howell, A. R.; Taboada, R.; Banerjee, I.; Wang, J.; Goodman, S. L.; Campagnola, P. J. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2002, 76, 135-144.
      79. “Ring Opening Reactions of 2-Methyleneoxetanes,” Wang, Y.; Bekolo, H.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 7101-7107.
      80. Synthesis of (D)-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine and (D)-xylo-Phytosphingosine from a Serine-derived 1,5-Dioxaspiro[3.2]hexane Template,” Ndakala, A. J.; Hashemzadeh, M.; So, R. C.; Howell, A. R., Org.Lett. 2002, 4, 1719-1722.
      81. “The Preparation and Biological Significance of Phytosphingosines,” Howell, A. R.; Ndakala, A. J. Current Organic Chemistry 2002, 6, 365-391.
      82. “Preparation and Reactions of 4-Oxaspiro[2.3]hexanes,” Bekolo, H.; Howell, A. R. New J. Chem. 2001, 25, 673-675.
      83. “Efficient, Catalytic, Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols with Octahedral Molecular Sieves,” Son, Y.-C.; Makwana, V. D.; Howell, A. R.; Suib, S. L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4280-4283.
      84. “The Reaction of Dimethyltitanocene with N-Substituted-beta-Lactams,” Martinez, I; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 5607-5611.
      85. “An Unusual and Efficient Reaction of 2-Methylene-3-phenyloxetane in the Presence of Lithium and DTBB in THF,” Hashemzadeh, M.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 1859-1862.
      86. “Reductive Cleavage of 2-Methyleneoxetanes with Lithium and 4,4’-di-tert-Butylbiphenyl,” Hashemzadeh, M.; Howell, A. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 1855-1858.
      87. “3-Dimensional Submicron Polymerization of Acrylamide by Multiphoton Excitation of Xanthene Dyes,” Campagnola, P. J.; Delguidice, D. M.; Epling, G. A.; Hoffacker, K. D.; Howell, A. R.; Goodman, S. L. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 1511-1513.
      88. “Preparation and Properties of 2-Methyleneoxetanes,” Dollinger L. M.; Ndakala A. J.; Hashemzadeh M.; Wang G.; Wang Y.; Martinez I.; Arcari J. T.; Galluzzo D. J.; Howell, A. R.; Rheingold, A. L.; Figuero, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7074-7080.
      89. “Ring-opening of 1,5-Dioxaspiro[3.2]hexanes: Preparation of alpha-Functionalized-beta’-hydroxy Ketones of 2,2-Disubstituted Oxetanes,” Ndakala, A. J.; Howell, A. R. Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 825-827.
      90. “1-Iodomethy-3,4-diphenyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[2.2.0]hexane: The First Example of a [2.2.0] Fused Ketal,” Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Arcari, J. T.; Howell, A. R.; Rheingold, A. L.; Concolino, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 7051-7053.
      91. “An Unanticipated Ring-Opening of 2-Methyleneoxetanes: A Fundamentally New Approach to the Preparation of Homopropargylic Alcohols,” Dollinger, L. M.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6782-6783.
      92. “The First General Synthesis of 1,5-Dioxaspiro[3.2]hexanes,” Ndakala, A. J.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6098-6099.
      93. “A 2-Methyleneoxetane Analog of Orlistat Demonstrating Inhibition of Porcine Pancreatic Lipase,” Dollinger, L. M.; Howell, A. R. Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 8, 977-978.
      94. “2-Alkylidene Oxetanes: An Investigation of the Paterno-Buchi Reaction between Aliphatic Aldehydes and Allenes,” Howell, A. R.; Fan, R.; Truong, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8651-8654.
      95. “A Versatile Preparation of 2-Methyleneoxetanes,” Dollinger, L. M.; Howell, A. R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7248-7249.
      96. “Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons,” Howell, A. R. and Keeling, S. P. in General and Synthetic Methods; Pattenden, G., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 1993; Vol. 15, pp 1-31.
      97. “Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons,” Howell, A. R. in General and Synthetic Methods; Pattenden, G., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 1992; Vol. 14, pp 1-25.
      98. “Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons,” Howell, A. R. in General and Synthetic Methods; Pattenden, G., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 1992; Vol. 13, pp 1-32.
      99. “Synthesis and Binding Activity of 4-Azanicotine Analogues,” Smith, W. T.; Howell, A. R.; Martin, W. R.; Sloan, J. W. J. Het. Chem. 1991, 28, 1147-1151.
      100. “Hydrocobaltation Reactions of 1,3-Dienes. Regioselective Hydroxylation of Myrcene to Geraniol and (+)-Linalool via Allylcobaloxime Intermediates,” Howell, A. R.; Pattenden, G. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I 1990, 2715-2720.
      101. “Cobalt-Mediated Intermolecular Radical Addition to Carbon-to-Carbon Double Bonds Leading to New Functionalized Alkenes,” Bhandal, H.; Howell, A. R.; Patel, V. F.; Pattenden, G. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I 1990, 2709-2714.
      102. “Regioselective Hydroxylations of 1,3-Dienes via Hydrocobaltation Reactions. Facile Conversion of Myrcene to Geraniol and to (+)-Linalool,” Howell, A. R.; Pattenden, G. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1990, 103-104.
      103. “The Application of Chloromethylaluminum 2-(2-Propenyl)anilide in the Conversion of gamma- and delta-Lactones into Protected Hydroxyacids,” Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezhuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Dhanak, D.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Lee, A.; Russell, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 3321-3324.
      104. “Redox Glycosidation via Thionoester Intermediates,” Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezhuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2275-2277.
      105. “Redox Glycosidation: A Novel Approach to Disaccharide Synthesis,” Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezhuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396.
      106. “Stereospecificity of 2-Methylpiperidine Binding to a Nicotinic Up-Regulatory Site in the Rat Brain P2 Preparation,” Sloan, J. W.; Martin, W. R.; Hook, R.; Bostwick, M.; Howell, A. R.; Smith, W. T. Life Sciences 1985, 37, 1367-1372.